Insurance is a contract, represented by a policy, in which an individual or entity receives financial protection or reimbursement against losses from an insurance company. The company pools client's risks to make payments more affordable for the insured. Insurance policies are used to hedge against the risk of financial losses, both big and small, that may result from damage to the insured or her property, or from liability for damage or injury caused to a third party.
A mutual fund is essentially a common pool of money in which investors put in their contribution. This collective amount is then invested according to the investment objective of the fund. The money could be invested in stocks, bonds, money market instruments, gold and other similar assets. These funds are operated by money managers or fund managers, who by investing in line with the specified investment objective attempt to create growth or appreciation of the amount for investors.
A capital market is a financial market in which long-term debt (over a year) or equity-backed securities are bought and sold, in contrast to a money market where short-term debt is bought and sold. Capital markets channel the wealth of savers to those who can put it to long-term productive use, such as companies or governments making long-term investments. Financial regulators like Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI), Bank of England (BoE) and the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) oversee capital markets to protect investors against fraud, among other duties.
Fixed income refers to any type of investment under which the borrower or issuer is obliged to make payments of a fixed amount on a fixed schedule. For example, the borrower may have to pay interest at a fixed rate once a year and repay the principal amount on maturity. Fixed-income securities can be contrasted with equity securities – often referred to as stocks and shares – that create no obligation to pay dividends or any other form of income.
Corporate insurance is a type of insurance cover usually used by large organisations to protect their business against operational risks such as theft, financial losses, employees’ health and accidents. It is comprehensive business insurance that benefits the past or present employees as well as the company itself.
Tax planning refers to financial planning for tax efficiency. It aims to reduce one’s tax liabilities and optimally utilize tax exemptions, rebates, and benefits as much as possible. Tax planning includes making financial and business decisions to minimize the incidence of tax. This helps you legitimately avail the maximum benefit by using all beneficial provisions under tax laws. It enables one to think of their finances and taxes at the beginning of the fiscal year, instead of leaving it to the eleventh hour.
Unlisted shares are the shares of companies that are not yet listed on the stock exchange. The companies that haven’t gone public yet are known as unlisted companies. For instance, there is JIO, OLA which are premier business houses in the country but they are private ventures. These shares unlike listed shares, do not trade in the exchanges. However, some investors invest in these stocks as well by buying them over the counter. Thus, these stocks are often referred to as OTC securities as well. There is a huge market for unlisted shares in the country and these shares are known as ‘hidden gems’.
A stock market, equity market, or share market is the aggregation of buyers and sellers of stocks , which represent ownership claims on businesses; these may include securities listed on a public stock exchange, as well as stock that is only traded privately, such as shares of private companies which are sold to investors through equity crowdfunding platforms. Investment in the stock market is most often done via stockbrokerages and electronic trading platforms.
In finance, a loan is the lending of money by one or more individuals, organizations, or other entities to other individuals, organizations etc. The recipient (i.e., the borrower) incurs a debt and is usually liable to pay interest on that debt until it is repaid as well as to repay the principal amount borrowed. The document evidencing the debt (e.g., a promissory note) will normally specify, among other things, the principal amount of money borrowed, the interest rate the lender is charging, and the date of repayment. A loan entails the reallocation of the subject asset(s) for a period of time, between the lender and the borrower
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